Final answer:
Nephritis refers to inflammation of the kidneys, often caused by urinary tract infections and can lead to renal failure or chronic kidney disease if not properly treated.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nephritis is an inflammation of the kidneys, which can lead to serious health consequences such as renal failure or stage 5 chronic kidney disease. This condition, also known as pyelonephritis, is typically caused by bacterial infections that have spread from other parts of the urinary tract. Symptoms may include back pain, fever, and nausea. Glomerulonephritis is another form of kidney inflammation that impacts the glomeruli, leading to symptoms such as blood and protein in the urine, increased blood pressure, and swelling of the body. Acute and chronic kidney conditions can result from infections, with potential for serious complications if left untreated.