Final answer:
A hybrid is an organism with sets of chromosomes from at least two different species, while polyploidy refers to multiple sets of chromosomes from the same species. Genes determine traits with each characteristic governed by two alleles inherited from each parent. Polyploidy, especially in plants, can result in larger and more robust organisms.
Step-by-step explanation:
An organism that possesses sets of chromosomes from at least two different species is termed a hybrid. This is different from organisms with multiple sets of chromosomes from the same species, a condition known as polyploidy. In genetics, the specific combination of inherited traits is primarily determined by genes.
An organism's traits are determined by the specific combination of inherited genes. When referring to the inheritance of these traits, it's important to note that each characteristic is governed by two alleles, one inherited from each parent. This genetic diversity is crucial for the variation seen within species.
Polyploidy is a condition more common in plants, which can make them larger and more robust. A triploid organism, which is one type of polyploid state, is usually sterile because the chromosomes cannot pair properly during meiosis. Furthermore, euploidy describes an individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their species.