Final answer:
Identical or similar DNA sequences that occur multiple times on a chromosome are called repetitive sequences. These sequences are integral to eukaryotic genomes and have roles in gene regulation and evolutionary diversity.
Step-by-step explanation:
Identical or similar DNA sequences that occur multiple times on a chromosome are called repetitive sequences. Repetitive sequences make up a significant part of a eukaryotic genome and can include different forms such as satellite DNA, minisatellites, microsatellites, and transposable elements. These sequences can have various functions, from gene regulation to contributing to genetic diversity. Amongst these, transposons, often referred to as 'jumping genes', have been recognized for their ability to move within the genome, impacting evolution and diversity.
The ends of linear chromosomes, known as telomeres, are an example of noncoding repetitive sequences that protect coding DNA during cell division. In humans, these telomeres comprise a short DNA sequence that is repeated multiple times to form the protective end cap.