Final answer:
Differences in poverty rates between races can be attributed to historical disadvantages and systemic racism, which result in disparities in healthcare, education, and wealth accumulation. The correct option is 4.
Step-by-step explanation:
One reason for the differences in poverty rates between races is the historical disadvantages and systemic racism. Disparities in health inequality are due in part to historical discrimination affecting employment, housing, and education, leading to lower levels of home ownership, education, and wealth for certain racial groups. African Americans, for instance, experience higher rates of unemployment and poverty.
Access to welfare and healthcare is another factor, with 11.2% of African Americans under the age of 65 lacking healthcare, in contrast to 7.5% of Whites. The quality of education in neighborhoods with high concentrations of minority populations is often compromised due to past discriminatory practices like redlining, leading to lower educational attainment and fewer opportunities for high-paying jobs.
Over time, these systemic issues perpetuate a cycle of disadvantage, challenging efforts to break out of poverty.