Final answer:
Excessive alcohol use increases the risk of kidney problems due to high blood pressure and liver disease that can stress the kidneys. It can also cause long-term liver and kidney disease and acute kidney injury. The correct option is 1.
Step-by-step explanation:
Excessive alcohol use is linked to an increased risk of kidney problems. Alcohol consumption can result in high blood pressure, which is a risk factor for various kidney disorders and a common cause of kidney failure.
Chronic excessive drinking can lead to liver disease; since the liver and kidneys work together to remove wastes, impairment in liver function due to alcohol can stress the kidneys, potentially leading to kidney dysfunction.
Furthermore, alcohol's dehydrating effects and impact on ion balance can cause dangerous abnormalities in blood ion concentration and acid-base balance.
Long-term excessive alcohol use can cause liver and kidney disease, and conditions like acute kidney injury from binge drinking can sometimes result in long-term damage to the kidneys. It is important to be aware of these health risks associated with alcohol abuse. The correct option is 1.