Final answer:
A detailed study in a controlled process to define potential problems and opportunities is known as a feasibility study which examines the practicability and potential success of a project.
Step-by-step explanation:
A detailed study in a controlled process to identify potential problems and opportunities best defines a feasibility study. This type of study involves a thorough and systematic approach to assess the viability of a project or idea before it is developed further. It examines various aspects such as technical, economic, legal, and operational feasibility to ensure that the project will not fail due to unforeseen issues. The purpose of a feasibility study is to address any potential problems before resources are invested and the project is undertaken, hence allowing for the exploration of opportunities and constraints within a defined scope.
Distinguishing between the different options given:
- A project plan outlines the tasks, timelines, resources, and potential risks involved in a project's execution.
- A project charter formally authorizes a project, defining its objectives, stakeholders, scope, and overall framework.
- A feasibility study is the analysis done to assess the practicability and potential success of a project.
- A request for proposal (RFP) is a document that solicits proposals, often through a bidding process, from potential suppliers to complete a specific project or task.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option 3) feasibility study.