Final answer:
Leadership is true to its definition of engaging people to set and achieve goals. It includes various styles such as instrumental and expressive leadership, and frameworks like transactional and transformational leadership. Correct answer is option a.true.
Step-by-step explanation:
Leadership is the act of engaging people within an organization to set and achieve goals. This statement is true, as leadership encompasses various styles and functions that contribute towards goal attainment. Leadership function, an integral part of management research, emphasizes the core purpose or objective that a leader aims to fulfill. It can be broadly categorized into instrumental and expressive leaders. An instrumental leader is task-focused and driven to accomplish objectives, similar to what might be expected from an army general or a CEO of a large corporation. In contrast, expressive leaders prioritize emotional welfare and support systems, often found in social and religious contexts.
Gender has historically influenced perceptions of leadership, with stereotypes suggesting that men are more instrumental while women are more expressive. Today, however, both men and women leaders are finding value in incorporating both styles to be effective. Additionally, Bass's concepts of transactional leadership, which relies on supervision and reward systems, and transformational leadership, which includes charisma, inspiration, intellectual stimulation, and considerateness, provide more insight into effective leadership practices.
Different leadership styles, like democratic, authoritarian, and laissez-faire, fulfill distinct functions within various organizational structures, from informal primary groups like families and friends to formal secondary groups like militaries and corporate bureaucracies. Leadership styles can also be influenced by the need for symbolic legitimation during times of turmoil to unify belief systems within communities.