Final answer:
The perception of legitimacy in orders from superiors due to longstanding tradition is an example of traditionalism, which is most closely associated with a monarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Perceiving the orders of one's superiors to be legitimate because "this is how things have always been done" is an example of a political system based on traditionalism.
Traditional authority, as defined by sociologist Max Weber, is power that is accepted because of long-established practices and cultural beliefs. In the context of political systems, it corresponds most closely to a monarchy, wherein authority is inherited and usually justified by tradition or a concept of divine right.
An example of this type of traditional authority would be the British monarchy, where the position is inherited and the legitimacy comes from historical precedent.
In other forms such as democracy, power is derived from the will of the people, in oligarchy, from the control of a small elite group, and in totalitarian regimes, often through coercive control by a single party or leader.