Final answer:
Federalism describes a system where governmental power is divided between a national government and state governments. The U.S. model of federalism allocates specific powers to each level, allowing them to operate in certain areas independently, yet also in cooperation with each other. The correct answer is that some powers are reserved for states, while others are delegated to the federal government.
Step-by-step explanation:
Federalism refers to a system of government in which authority is constitutionally divided between a central, or national, government and regional governments, usually referred to as states. This system is designed to allow for a federation with shared governance based on democratic principles. Within the structure of U.S. federalism, specific powers are allocated to the national government, while others are reserved for the states. For example, the federal government can negotiate treaties and regulate interstate commerce, whereas states have the authority to manage education and police powers.
The correct answer to the question 'Which of the following best describes the meaning of the term federalism?' is 3) Some powers are reserved for the states, and some powers are delegated to the federal government. This is because in the U.S., federalism involves a balance of power that is maintained between the national and state governments, with certain responsibilities and powers clearly outlined for each level.
In practice, federalism promotes a balance between centralization and decentralization. Issues of national relevance are handled by the federal government, while regional concerns are looked after by state governments. Conflicts between these levels of government are often resolved in federal courts, with the U.S. Supreme Court serving as the ultimate arbiter in legal disputes between states and the federal government. The flexibility inherent in federalism allows for a dynamic distribution of authority that adapts to changing political, social, and economic conditions.