Final answer:
Aristotle disagreed with Plato on the issue of private property, promoting its significance for societal stability, virtue, and benevolence, while advocating a balanced, or mixed, constitution aimed at the common good to avoid tyranny and oligarchy.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the Politics, Aristotle expressed his views on private property which diverged significantly from those of his teacher, Plato. While Plato envisioned a society where property was held in common, Aristotle believed that private property was essential, arguing that the ownership of private property contributed to the stability of society and promoted virtue among its citizens. Aristotle contended that private property fostered a sense of responsibility in individuals and provided an opportunity for generosity, as owning goods allows one to practice the virtue of charity. He believed that if property were commonly owned, as Plato suggested, there would be more disputes among citizens, leading to social discord.
Aristotle's ideal of governance was a mixed constitution or Politeia, where power is shared between the wealthy and the less wealthy, reflecting the existing socio-economic inequalities to a degree, while aiming to secure the common good. This concept aligns with Aristotle's perception of humans as 'political animals' who thrive in a political community.
Moreover, Aristotle's critique of extreme forms of government, such as tyranny and oligarchy, which he viewed as corrupt versions of monarchy and aristocracy respectively, highlights his nuanced understanding of political systems and the significance of moderation in preserving the well-being of a state.