Final answer:
Performing high-intensity activities like a bench press lift or a 100-meter sprint primarily use the anaerobic metabolic process, relying on glycolysis and anaerobic pathways for quick energy production. Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
Performing a bench press lift or a 100-meter sprint are activities that predominantly use the anaerobic process. Anaerobic exercise refers to short-duration, high-intensity activities where the body's demand for oxygen exceeds the oxygen supply available. During these activities, the muscles rely on energy production that does not require oxygen, which is known as anaerobic metabolism.
Aerobic respiration, on the other hand, is a metabolic process that uses oxygen to produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, from glucose. This process is most efficient and can sustain activity for long durations, such as Marissa's 5-kilometer cross-country running, which primarily uses aerobic metabolism. However, during short, intense exercises like the 100-meter sprint, the body relies on glycolysis and anaerobic pathways to quickly produce energy.
Glycolysis is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration and does not require oxygen. Scientists believe glycolysis evolved before the other stages of cellular respiration due to its presence in many different organisms and conditions, suggesting its fundamental importance in energy production. The main advantage of aerobic respiration is its efficiency and the ability to sustain prolonged activity, while anaerobic respiration's advantage is the rapid provision of energy.