Final answer:
The statement fails because an explicit JOIN must use an ON clause, not a WHERE clause, to define the relationship between the tables.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement fails to execute because an explicit JOIN, like the one in this statement, must use an ON clause to indicate the relationship between the tables, not a WHERE clause. The WHERE clause is used to filter records, but to specify the nature of the JOIN (i.e., how the tables are related), you must use the ON clause. Therefore, option 3 is the correct answer. It is not necessary to include the keyword INNER because it is the default type of JOIN when you simply use JOIN; the inclusion of table names is evident in the FROM and JOIN clauses; and a query that includes a JOIN can certainly include a WHERE clause, but after the JOIN is properly stated with an ON clause.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement fails to execute because it violates the principles of SQL syntax. The correct way to perform a JOIN operation in SQL is by using the keyword INNER and the ON clause to indicate the relationship between the tables. In the given statement, the keyword INNER is missing, and the relationship is incorrectly specified using the WHERE clause instead of the ON clause.
The correct version of the statement should be:
SELECT Faculty.FacultyID, LastName, FirstName, Salary, DepartmentID FROM Faculty INNER JOIN Classes ON Faculty.FacultyID = Classes.FacultyID
Additionally, it is important to note that a query that includes a JOIN operation can still include a WHERE clause to filter the results based on certain conditions. Therefore, option 4) is not accurate.