Final answer:
Without the specific SQL code, it’s not possible to definitively say which statement is true; typically, joins in SQL default to INNER JOIN, but the question doesn't provide enough context. The choice of whether to include INNER or OUTER joins, as well as how to group data, depends on the intended outcome of the query.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to a specific code example, likely involving a SQL query, that refers to how data is retrieved from a database table. Given the options, without the context of the actual code it is impossible to say for certain what the result of the query will be. However, the default type of join in SQL, when no keyword is specified, is typically INNER JOIN. This means that if the query is joining tables and does not specify OUTER, it will not return all VendorName values unless they meet the join condition. Therefore, option 2, which states that the result set will always include information from all VendorName values in the Vendors table, might be incorrect unless the query uses a different type of join or includes all vendors already.
The question does not necessarily imply an error due to the absence of OUTER or INNER keywords, as SQL statements can execute without explicitly using these keywords if the context is clear or defaults are assumed. So, options 3 and 4 might also be incorrect. Without additional information on the actual statement in 'code example 4-2', we can't definitively identify the true statement among the provided options.