Final answer:
The primary heirs of a deceased person generally include the surviving spouse and close blood relatives, following a hierarchy established by state intestacy laws. Cultural practices such as sororate and levirate may also influence the heir structure. Inheritance rules can vary significantly across different societies and historical periods. The correct option is 1,4.
Step-by-step explanation:
The primary heirs of the deceased usually include the surviving spouse and close blood relatives. In most legal systems, especially when someone dies intestate (without a will), the estate is typically distributed to the surviving spouse and children in a hierarchical order, which can include parents, siblings, and sometimes more extended family members like aunts, uncles, and cousins depending on the jurisdiction's laws.
An understanding of various cultures shows that inheritance and succession rules can vary significantly, with some societies practicing unilateral descent (tracing kinship through one parent only) and others practicing bilateral descent (tracing kinship through both parents).
When it comes to traditional practices, some cultures have specific rules such as the sororate or levirate remarriage rules, where the kinship ties impact succession and inheritance in different ways. In these traditions, a deceased spouse's family may provide a replacement wife or husband to maintain lineage and kinship ties.
Furthermore, historical practices, as documented in the code from ancient civilisations and practices from imperial periods, show that rights of inheritance could be quite complex, involving property rights, dowry, and lineage distinction between different family members. The correct option is 1,4.