Final answer:
In machines where the input force is larger than the output force, the mechanical advantage is less than one. This can be seen with simple tools like a shovel or in complex hydraulic systems where the force is manipulated through the use of different areas. The presence of friction would decrease the work output, necessitating a larger input force.
Step-by-step explanation:
When machines receive an input force that is larger than the output force, it means the machine has a mechanical advantage (MA) of less than one. This situation can occur in devices like a shovel where the force is applied closer to the pivot point than the load. In this configuration, despite a larger input force, the output force can be less since the input lever arm is shorter than the output lever arm, resulting in a MA that is less than one. However, in other situations like with a hydraulic system, the force can be amplified by applying the input force across a smaller area, which results in a larger force over a larger area on the output side due to the principles of pressure and fluid dynamics.
If friction is considered, the work output (Wout) will be less than the work input (Win) due to the energy loss. In simple machines like a lever, the output work can still be equal to the input work if friction is ignored, but the applied force needs to act over a longer distance.