Final answer:
Theodora, empress and wife of Justinian, played an influential role in ruling the Byzantine Empire by advocating for the rights of women and children, and making important decisions alongside Justinian.
Step-by-step explanation:
Theodora, the empress and wife of Justinian, made significant contributions to ruling the Byzantine Empire. Despite her humble origins as an entertainer and reputedly of low birth, Theodora played an influential role in the empire's governance. She worked to free prostitutes from sexual slavery, expand the legal rights of women, protect children from infanticide, and influenced Justinian in making important decisions.