Final answer:
The Republican Party has historically been the party that supported banking and large businesses, aligning with industrialists and favoring policies beneficial to corporate and financial interests, while the Democratic Party focused more on the common citizen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The political party that historically supported banking and large businesses is the Republican Party. The Republican Party traditionally aligned with industrialists and sought greater national authority, which included support for economic policies favorable to businesses and banking institutions. On the other hand, the Democratic Party traditionally championed the interests of the common citizen and was more associated with personal politics and building relationships with voters. However, over time, there have been shifts within party platforms and constituencies, and at various points in history, both major parties have taken positions that could be seen as supportive of large businesses.
Historically, the second party system emerged during Andrew Jackson's presidency, with the Democrats and Whigs replacing the first party system of Federalists and Democratic-Republicans. The Whig Party and its successor, the Republican Party, preferred nationalist economic policies. Throughout American political history, the rise and fall of various parties have been influenced by the nation's economic and social changes, with parties continuously adapting their platforms accordingly.