Final answer:
The process by which the fast food industry's business model has influenced various social institutions is called McDonaldization, characterized by efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control.
Step-by-step explanation:
The process described by George Ritzer, where the organizational features of the fast food industry have gradually permeated various aspects of human social life, is called McDonaldization. This concept includes principles like efficiency, predictability, calculability, and control, and has not only spread to different sectors such as government and education but also affects the work culture and consumer experiences. McDonaldization leads to both positive and negative outcomes, with increased productivity and availability of services on one side but a loss of individuality and dehumanization of workers on the other.