Final answer:
June's solution to a math problem using both unconscious inferences and conscious application of mathematical principles exemplifies the value of dual processing, which involves both fast, intuitive thinking and slower, deliberative reasoning.
Step-by-step explanation:
June's correct solution to a novel arithmetic problem, facilitated by both unconscious inferences and the conscious application of mathematical principles, best illustrates the value of dual processing. Dual processing refers to the concept that our brains operate in two different ways: one is fast, intuitive, and emotional (often referred to as System 1), and the other is slower, more deliberate, and logical (often referred to as System 2). This term is derived from the work of psychologist Daniel Kahneman, who explains that while some cognitive tasks can be performed quickly and without much conscious thought, others require deliberate and effortful mental work.
Mathematical problem-solving often involves system 2 thinking, as it requires rational thought and effort. However, as expertise grows in a particular domain, some aspects of problem-solving can become more automatic and less energy-demanding, aligning more with system 1 processing. This automaticity can result from practice and familiarity with mathematical principles, helping individuals make quick judgments and calculations.
In summary, when June solves an arithmetic problem using both unconscious inferences and conscious mathematical principles, she is leveraging the dual processing nature of the human brain, tapping into both fast, intuitive thought processes and slower, analytical reasoning.