Question

Why is it essential that pregnant women receive adequate amounts of folic acid?

1) to prevent premature labor
2) to prevent birth defects
3) to prevent prolonged labor
4) to prevent the onset of diabetes in the mother

Answer 1

Adequate intake of folic acid is essential for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida and anencephaly, and is a critical part of prenatal care to ensure the health of the mother and child.

Step-by-step explanation:

Pregnant women are advised to consume sufficient amounts of folic acid due to its crucial role in preventing birth defects, specifically neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly. These conditions result from the failure of the neural tube to close properly during early fetal development, which can occur due to a folic acid deficiency. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends that women of childbearing age consume at least 400 µg/day of folate from supplements or fortified foods. This not only supports the healthy development of the fetus but also helps ensure the mother's well-being by preventing complications associated with folic acid deficiency.

Folate, also known as vitamin B9, plays an essential role in DNA synthesis, repair, and functioning, which is vital during the rapid cell division and growth that occurs during pregnancy. By maintaining appropriate levels of this vitamin, the risk of neural tube defects is significantly reduced. Therefore, ensuring adequate intake of folic acid is a critical aspect of prenatal care, alongside a diet rich in other essential nutrients such as calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. Planning ahead with a healthcare provider before and during pregnancy is important for the health of both mother and child.