Final answer:
The tides with large amplitudes occurring every two weeks during new and full moons are called spring tides, resulting from the alignment of the Earth, Moon, and Sun.
The correct option is 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tides of large amplitude that occur every two weeks associated with the new and full moons are called spring tides. These occur when the Earth, the Moon, and the Sun are aligned, resulting in the gravitational forces of the Moon and Sun combining to produce higher-than-average tides.
On the other hand, neap tides are tides of smaller amplitude happening when the Sun and the Moon are at right angles to each other, in relation to Earth, minimizing their gravitational impact on Earth's tides, leading to lower-than-average high tides and higher-than-average low tides. Spring tides and neap tides occur roughly two weeks apart as the Moon orbits Earth and the relative positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth change.
The correct option is 2.