Question

Which of the following dietary deficiencies are most likely in a pregnant woman who consumes a strict vegan diet?

1) fat and protein
2) folic acid and calories
3) iron and calcium
4) Vitamin D and carbohydrates

Answer 1

Pregnant women on a strict vegan diet are at risk of deficiencies in vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and folic acid, and may require supplements or fortified foods to maintain adequate levels for a healthy pregnancy.

Step-by-step explanation:

Pregnant women following a strict vegan diet may be at risk of specific dietary deficiencies. While vegan diets can provide many nutrients, there are concerns about adequate intake of certain vitamins and minerals.

Particularly, a pregnant vegan woman needs to monitor her intake of vitamin B12 and iron. Vitamin B12 is typically found in animal products, and its deficiency can lead to megaloblastic anemia. To prevent this, supplements or fortified foods are often necessary.

Iron deficiency is another concern, as plant-based sources of iron may not be as easily absorbed by the body. Without sufficient iron, pregnant women risk developing iron deficiency anemia, which can affect the health of both mother and baby.

Another nutrient of importance for a pregnant woman on a vegan diet is calcium. Given that dairy is a common source of calcium, vegans need to rely on fortified foods or supplements to meet their calcium needs. Likewise, folic acid (folate) is crucial during pregnancy to prevent neural tube defects, and supplementation may be necessary for those not getting enough from fortified foods or leafy greens.