Final answer:
Interest groups rely on effective leadership, collective goods, connections in Washington D.C., a triggering mechanism, and a common problem or threat to form, sustain, and achieve policy goals. These elements are crucial for the success of the group, especially when financial resources are limited.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors crucial to helping interest groups form, sustain, and achieve policy goals are effective leadership, the provision of collective goods, having connections in Washington D.C., a triggering mechanism such as a political, economic, or social disturbance that mobilizes groups, and a common problem or threat that unites group members. Effective leadership offers various incentives to overcome collective action problems, while collective goods are benefits that can be enjoyed by all members. Connections in Washington D.C. allow for direct influence on policy, and a triggering mechanism can help galvanize the group into action. A common problem or threat provides a shared goal that motivates individuals to join and participate in the group's activities.
For instance, political scientist Robert Salisbury notes that group leaders may offer material and solidary incentives to encourage individual participation. Having a common problem, such as the civil rights issues addressed by the NAACP, helps align member motivations, leading to stronger cohesion and purpose within the group. These components are essential for interest groups, particularly those with limited financial resources, to succeed in impacting public policy.