Final answer:
Post-workout fatigue can be caused by a combination of dehydration, muscle damage, and lack of sleep. All these factors contribute to decreased muscle function and overall exhaustion after exercise.
Step-by-step explanation:
Post-workout fatigue can be attributed to several factors, including dehydration, muscle damage, and lack of sleep. Dehydration decreases blood volume, leading to a variety of symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and fatigue. Muscle damage after intense exercise, including damage to the sarcolemma and myofibrils, contributes to soreness and fatigue. Lastly, inadequate sleep can impair recovery and contribute to overall fatigue. Thus, all of the above factors can cause post-workout fatigue.
ATP is crucial for muscle contraction, and during exercise, ATP reserves can become depleted, leading to decreased muscle function. Lactic acid buildup also plays a role in muscle fatigue but is more complex than previously thought and is not the sole cause of the post-workout fatigue. Training can improve the efficiency of anaerobic activity and the body's response to lactic acid.
Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is (4) All of the above: dehydration, muscle damage, and lack of sleep are all factors that can contribute to post-workout fatigue.