Final answer:
The most widely used supplements for both athletes and non-athletes are protein supplements, although their effectiveness is questionable. Performance-enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids and hGH are also utilized but are banned in sports and can pose serious health risks. Caution and professional advice are recommended before using any supplements.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the realm of athletic supplementation, protein supplements are among the most widely used by both athletes and non-athletes. These supplements are often chosen for their convenience, perceived cost-effectiveness, and to support muscle growth or recovery without consuming additional carbohydrates and fats. Despite their popularity, the efficacy of such supplements is widely debated. Contrary to the belief that amino acids and protein supplements may enhance muscle synthesis and performance, research including statements from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) suggests that there is no consensus on their benefits for individuals engaged in exercise training. Moreover, a healthy diet may be sufficient for athletes. The safety of these supplements has also been called into question, with reports of mislabeling, contamination, and the presence of unlisted or harmful ingredients.
Some athletes seek performance enhancement through the use of artificial hormones, such as anabolic steroids and human growth hormone (hGH), to increase muscle mass or improve recovery. However, the use of performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) including steroids and erythropoietin (EPO) is illegal for non-medical purposes and banned by numerous sports governing bodies around the world due to the health risks and unfair advantages they may provide.
Given the controversy surrounding supplementation and the lack of convincing scientific evidence supporting their use, athletes and individuals should exercise caution and seek guidance from healthcare professionals before using such products.