Final answer:
Non-transactional data that defines a business entity is referred to as master data, which includes core information crucial to business operations such as devices and their configurations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of data that is non-transactional and defines a business entity, such as data about devices and their configurations, is known as master data. Master data refers to the core data that is essential to operations in a particular business. This data is descriptive in nature, provides context to business transactions, and is comprised of information that is critical to the operation of business processes. Unlike transactional data, which is related to day-to-day operations, or metadata, which is data about other data, master data is about key business entities such as customers, products, employees, and suppliers. Reference data is a subset of master data used to classify or categorize other data, and might include pre-defined lists, types, or status codes.