Final answer:
Chronometers are the measuring components that produce a single measure over a period of time, used for keeping accurate time. Thermometers measure temperature and show changes with materials that expand or contract; Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin are the common temperature scales used.
Step-by-step explanation:
The measuring components that produce a single measure over a period of time are chronometers. Chronometers are specialized timepieces designed to keep accurate time, which is essential for various applications like navigation. Thermometers, on the other hand, are used to measure temperature and do so by using materials such as mercury or alcohol that expand or contract with changes in temperature. The temperature scales typically used include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. When a thermometer comes into equilibrium with the air, its reading changes to reflect the air temperature. If placed in a glass of water that is not in equilibrium with the air, the thermometer will then change to indicate the water's temperature.