Final answer:
The complementary sequences for DNA, mRNA, and tRNA are derived from understanding base pairing rules. Transcription of DNA leads to an mRNA sequence used for protein translation. Differences between mRNA and DNA sequences are due to uracil in RNA replacing thymine.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Complementary Nucleotide Sequences in DNA Transcription and Translation
To answer these questions, one must understand the basics of DNA transcription and translation. DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into a sequence of amino acids forming proteins.
A. Complementary DNA Strand Sequence
The complementary DNA strand to 3'......GCT GTC AAA TTC GAT......5' is 5'......CGA CAG TTT AAG CTA......3'.
B. mRNA Complementary Sequence
The complementary mRNA sequence of the aforementioned DNA strand is 5'......CGA CAG UUU AAG CUA......3', known as the coding sequence.
C. tRNA and Codon-Anticodon Relationship
The corresponding tRNA sequence would carry the anticodons complementary to the mRNA codons: 3'......GCU GUC AAA UUC GAU......5'. One should notice the anticodon to codon matching is the reverse of the DNA to mRNA relationship.
When translating the given mRNA sequence using a codon chart, the resulting amino acids would match the codons specified by the mRNA sequence.
Answering the Given Questions
mRNA is not identical to the DNA non-template strand because it contains uracil (U) instead of thymine (T). In RNA processing, sometimes an mRNA sequence can be identical to the non-template DNA if uracils are replaced with thymines.
For a mutation presented as T A C G GACTGAC GAT C in a DNA strand, we'd generate a complementary DNA strand, transcribe it into mRNA, then translate it into an amino acid sequence, determining the type of mutation.