Final answer:
Telomere shortening is the problem that exists in eukaryotic chromosomes and is characterized by the chromosomes shortening with each round of DNA replication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The problem that exists in eukaryotic chromosomes and is characterized by the chromosomes shortening with each round of DNA replication is telomere shortening.
Telomeres are repetitive sequences located at the ends of chromosomes that protect the genetic material from degradation or fusion with other chromosomes. However, during DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase cannot fully replicate the ends of linear chromosomes, resulting in the gradual loss of telomeric sequences.
This shortening process can lead to aging, cell senescence, and an increased risk of genetic instability.