Final answer:
Backup systems or procedures include contingency plans, emergency protocols, and redundancy measures, designed to maintain operations when primary systems fail. The correct answer is 'All of the above', as each plays a vital role in ensuring system resilience in emergency situations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The backup systems or procedures that are implemented when regular ones break down or fail to function as intended can be described as: Contingency plans - These are premeditated strategies that offer an alternative course of action if the primary systems fail. They help organizations maintain operations during system failures. Emergency protocols - These are specific instructions created to be followed in the event of an emergency, ensuring that both personnel and systems respond in a coordinated and effective manner.
Redundancy measures - This involves creating duplicates of critical system components or functions to provide a fail-safe in case one part fails. It aims to enhance system reliability and minimize downtime. All of the options given are correct. Therefore, the answer is 4) All of the above. These various terms can be thought of as a "break glass in case of emergency" safeguard that ensure business continuity and system resilience.