Final answer:
The Massachusetts Bay Colony was indeed governed by its original charter for over 50 years, from 1629 until 1684, after which it underwent political changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The main answer to whether the Massachusetts Bay Colony was governed by the corporate charter of the Massachusetts Bay Company for over 50 years is True. From its issuance in 1629 to the point when it was voided in 1684, the Massachusetts Bay Charter served as the governmental framework of the Colony. During this time, the General Court, comprising freemen who were also official church members, exerted legislative power, creating a government of the 'elect.' However, this charter was replaced in 1691 when William III issued a more liberal charter following the brief authority of the Dominion of New England under Charles II.In conclusion, the original charter did operate as the governing document for the Massachusetts Bay Colony for over half a century, directing both the political structure and social organization of the colony.