Final answer:
A writer or speaker who presents both sides of an issue, with evidence to support their claim and address counterclaims, is engaging in an argument, which showcases critical thinking. Alternatively, presenting only their side without addressing the opposition is less formal and may not always rely on evidence.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the realm of persuasive writing and speaking, there are two specific approaches one may encounter. The first involves a scenario where a writer or speaker presents both sides of an issue, supporting their own claim with evidence and addressing the opposing perspective with counterarguments and refutation. This method not only asserts the writer's viewpoint, but also demonstrates critical thinking by acknowledging and discrediting the counterclaims, therefore is termed an argument.
The second approach is where the writer or speaker presents only their side of an issue, and this perspective may or may not be substantiated with evidence. This method tends to focus on supporting one's claim without necessarily addressing the opposition's viewpoint, and is often found in more subjective or less formal discussions.