Question

Explain the process of protein synthesis in terms of transcription of a gene into messenger RNA in the nucleus and translation of mRNA into an amino acid sequence at the ribosome. Refer to transfer RNA, codons, and anticodons.

Answer 1

Protein synthesis involves transcription and translation. In transcription, a gene is copied into mRNA in the nucleus. In translation, ribosomes read the mRNA and assemble amino acids into a protein.

Step-by-step explanation:

Protein synthesis is the process by which genetic information in DNA is used to create proteins. It involves two main steps: transcription and translation.

During transcription, a specific gene on the DNA is copied into a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

This mRNA then travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm where translation occurs. In translation, the mRNA sequence is read by ribosomes, and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, based on the codons (three-letter sequences) on the mRNA.

This allows the ribosome to assemble the amino acids into a protein according to the genetic instructions encoded in the mRNA.