Final answer:
Gene flow and allele frequency data from different populations can be analyzed to determine speciation
Step-by-step explanation:
Gene flow is the movement of alleles across different populations through migration, while allele frequency refers to the proportion of a certain allele in a population's gene pool.
When analyzing gene flow and allele frequency data from different populations, scientists can determine speciation, which is the formation of new species. If gene flow is restricted between populations due to geographic isolation, the allele frequencies may gradually become more different, leading to speciation.