Final answer:
The frequencies of genotypes and phenotypes can be predicted using probability models such as frequency histograms and Punnett squares for autosomal dominant, sex-linked, and multiple alleles.
Step-by-step explanation:
The frequencies of genotypes and phenotypes can be predicted using probability models such as frequency histograms and Punnett squares. For autosomal dominant alleles, the genotype frequencies can be determined by p² for the individuals with homozygous dominant alleles, 2pq for the individuals with heterozygous alleles, and q² for the individuals with homozygous recessive alleles. For sex-linked alleles, the genotype frequencies depend on the specific inheritance pattern. For multiple alleles, the genotype frequencies can be determined using the same principles as autosomal dominant alleles.