Final answer:
Portal hypertension is a condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the portal vein. It is commonly caused by liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, pancreatitis, and gallstones. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying causes and preventing complications.
Step-by-step explanation:
Portal hypertension is a condition characterized by increased blood pressure in the portal vein, which carries blood from the intestines to the liver. Common causes of portal hypertension include liver cirrhosis, hepatitis B, pancreatitis, and gallstones.
In cirrhosis and other liver diseases, damaged liver function can also contribute to portal hypertension. Other causes can include hereditary diseases like Wilson's disease and hemochromatosis, as well as liver cancer and certain liver obstructions. Treatment for portal hypertension focuses on managing the underlying causes and preventing complications.