Final answer:
To infer evolutionary relatedness, the DNA sequences are compared using computational tools. These tools gauge homology and evolutionary distance, updating phylogenetic trees. Molecular comparisons are cross-referenced with morphology to correct anomalies and confirm relationships.
Step-by-step explanation:
To analyse data from molecular sequences and infer species evolutionary relatedness, researchers compare the sequences with those in databases like GenBank using computational tools and sophisticated computer analysis programs to determine sequence homology. Homology suggests the evolutionary distance between DNA sequences, reflecting the time since their divergence from a common ancestor. This molecular analysis has revolutionized the understanding and representation of phylogenetic trees.
Phylogenetic trees based on molecular comparisons often validate previous classifications based on morphology, but can also introduce new relationships not previously apparent. Evolutionary kinship is assessed by measuring the similarities in DNA or protein sequences. Sequences that evolve rapidly are useful in deducing relationships among closely related species, while sequences that evolve more slowly help determine lineage relationships over greater evolutionary distances.
However, certain complexities, like statistical anomalies or mutations that alter genetic code, can mislead these analyses. To address these challenges, computer-based statistical algorithms and the combined use of morphological and molecular information help to clarify the true phylogenetic relationships.