Final answer:
Hard Determinism is a theory that says individuals' actions, including criminal behavior, are determined by past conditioning and not by autonomous free will. This has implications for moral and legal responsibility, suggesting a shift in the justice system from punishment to rehabilitative approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that modifies the doctrine of free will by stating that the free will of individuals may be affected by other factors, suggesting that crime is committed due to compelling reasons beyond their control, is known as Hard Determinism. According to this view, all human behavior, including criminality, is determined by past events and conditioning rather than by individual autonomous choices. This has significant implications for the justice system, which may need to shift focus from punishment to rehabilitation and reconditioning to address criminal behavior effectively.
Hard Determinism challenges traditional conceptions of free will and responsibility by proposing that everything we do is a result of our brain's conditioning. This theory supports a deterministic universe where human actions are caused entirely by past events, leading to debates on moral responsibility and the punishment of crime. If actions are not free but rather determined by various factors, the assignment of moral and legal responsibility becomes problematic.
In contrast, the concept of free will argues that individuals are able to make choices that are not predetermined, allowing for personal responsibility and accountability. However, proponents of Hard Determinism would argue that free will is an illusion and that human behavior is always influenced by prior experiences and motives.