Final answer:
The instrument used to extend the CBD (common bile duct) incision is a scalpel, while an instrument such as a biliary Fogarty or Dormia basket is used to move stones from the CBD.
Step-by-step explanation:
A scalpel is used to extend the CBD incision, a biliary Fogarty or Dormia basket moves stones, a balloon dilator or bougies dilate the duct, and a T-tube or stent drains it. In some cases, an ERCP uses endoscopic techniques for similar purposes.
To dilate the common bile duct, a balloon dilator or bougies are typically utilized. Lastly, a T-tube or biliary stent is used to drain the CBD.
During an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), a less invasive procedure may be used instead of surgical instruments to manage CBD stones and drainage. In an ERCP, a tube is placed down the patient's throat into the stomach, and then into the small intestine.
Dye is injected and X-ray imaging is used to visualize the bile and pancreatic ducts, allowing for interventions such as stone removal and stent placement.