Final answer:
The major parties in the Israel-Gaza conflict are the State of Israel and the Palestinians, including Fatah and Hamas, with the U.S. as an influential external support to Israel. Their goals revolve around security, sovereignty, and control over Jerusalem, with potential solutions including a one-state or two-state approach. Despite multiple attempts at peace, significant challenges remain due to differing goals and regional complexities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Israel-Gaza conflict involves several parties with complex goals and demands. The primary parties are the State of Israel and the Palestinians. Israel's goals include maintaining national security, a Jewish majority state, and control over Jerusale.
The Palestinians, including political factions such as Fatah and Hamas, seek sovereignty, the end of Israeli occupation, and the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital.
There are also external parties involved, such as the United States, which provides support to Israel but also seeks to mediate for peace and the creation of a Palestinian state.
Current negotiations involve addressing key issues such as mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, and the status of Jerusalem. Differences in objectives among Palestinian factions, such as those between Fatah in the West Bank and Hamas in Gaza, complicate peace efforts.
Additionally, the heavy financial and military support that Israel receives from the U.S. affects Middle Eastern diplomacy and can be a source of contention in the region.
While historically there have been several wars and opposition to Jewish sovereignty amongst Arab neighbors, the widely discussed solution to the territorial and governance problems is the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside Israel.
However, the approach to achieving this, including the one-state and two-state solutions, remains a point of contention. The peace process has experienced setbacks, such as persistent violence and the assassination of an Israeli Prime Minister, yet peace efforts like the Oslo Accords continue to be a reference point for negotiations.