Final answer:
The fundamental differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular respiration are the location of the electron transport system and ATP synthase, and the absence of membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotic cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
The fundamental cellular/structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cellular respiration include the location of the electron transport system and ATP synthase. In prokaryotic cells, the electron transport system and ATP synthase are located in the cell membrane, while in eukaryotic cells, they are located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Additionally, prokaryotic cells do not have compartmentalized organelles like mitochondria, which are present in eukaryotic cells. These differences are based on the fact that prokaryotic cells lack a distinct nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria.