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In a certain​ marathon, there has been a wheelchair division for the past 23 years. A researcher would like to know who is typically​ faster, the​ men's marathon winner on foot or the​ women's wheelchair marathon winner. Because the conditions differ from year to​ year, and speeds have improved over the​ years, it seems best to treat these as paired measurements. The summary statistics for the pairwise differences in finishing time​ (in minutes) are shown below. Complete parts​ a) through​ c) below. Summary of wheelchrF-runM N=23 Mean= 1.94 SD= 35.512

​a) Are the appropriate assumptions and conditions​ satisfied? Select all that apply.
​b) Assuming that these times are representative of such races and the differences appeared acceptable for​ inference, construct and interpret a 99​%
confidence interval for the mean difference in finishing times.
​c) Would a hypothesis test at alpha
equals0.01 reject the null hypothesis of no​ difference? What conclusion would be​ drawn?

User Xarcell
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2 Answers

1 vote

A) D. No, it is impossible to determine if the Nearly Normal Condition is satisfied. E. No, it is impossible to determine if the Independence Assumption is satisfied.

B. (−18.93,22.81) minutes.
C. B. H₀ : μ_d = 0; H₁ : μ_d ≠ 0.
Conclusion is d. The null hypothesis would not be rejected because the 99% confidence interval contains 0.

How do we find the confidence interval?

A. We don't have enough information to assess the normality of the distribution of differences. With N=23, it's borderline for the central limit theorem to apply. We also need a histogram or a normal probability plot before we can definitively say whether this condition is met.

B. 99% Confidence Interval for the Mean Difference

Xbar =1.94 minutes

s = 35.512 minutes

n = 23

df = 22

a 99% confidence level and 22 degrees of freedom, the t-score is 2.819.

xbar ± t × s/ √n

ME = 2.819 × 35.512/√23 = 20.874

Lower Bound = 1.94 − 20.87 ≈ −18.93 minutes.

Upper Bound = 1.94 +20.87≈22.81 minutes.

The 99% confidence interval for the mean difference in finishing times between the women's wheelchair marathon winner and the men's marathon winner on foot is (−18.93,22.81) minutes.

C. . H₀ : μ_d = 0; H₁ : μ_d ≠ 0.

The conclusion that can be drawn is;
The null hypothesis would not be rejected because the 99% confidence interval contains 0. Option D

Full question

In a certain​ marathon, there has been a wheelchair division for the past 23 years. A researcher would like to know who is typically​ faster, the​ men's marathon winner on foot or the​ women's wheelchair marathon winner. Because the conditions differ from year to​ year, and speeds have improved over the​ years, it seems best to treat these as paired measurements. The summary statistics for the pairwise differences in finishing time​ (in minutes) are shown below. Complete parts​ a) through​ c) below. Summary of wheelchrF-runM N=23 Mean= 1.94 SD= 35.512

a) Are the appropriate assumptions and conditions satisfied? Select all that apply.

A. Yes, all the conditions are definitely satisfied.

B. No, the Nearly Normal Condition is definitely not satisfied.

C. No, the Paired Data Condition is not satisfied.

D. No, it is impossible to determine if the Nearly Normal Condition is satisfied.

E. No, it is impossible to determine if the Independence Assumption is satisfied.

F. No, the Independence Assumption is definitely not satisfied.

b) Assuming that these times are representative of such races and the differences appeared acceptable for inference, construct and interpret a 99% confidence interval for the mean difference in finishing times. The confidence interval is................ (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

c) Would a hypothesis test at a = 0.01 reject the null hypothesis of no difference? What conclusion would be drawn? What are the null and alternative hypotheses?

О А. H₀ : μ_d ≠ 0

H₁ : μ_d = 0

О B. H₀ : μ_d = 0

H₁ : μ_d ≠ 0

Ос. H₀ : μ_d = 0

H₁ : μ_d < 0

O D. H₀ : μ_d = 0

H₁ : μ_d > 0

What conclusion would be drawn?

A. The null hypothesis would be rejected because the 99% confidence interval contains 0.

B. The null hypothesis would be rejected because the 99% confidence interval does not contain 0.

C. The null hypothesis would not be rejected because the 99% confidence interval does not contain 0.

D. The null hypothesis would not be rejected because the 99% confidence interval contains 0.

User LeBrown Jones
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8.2k points
3 votes

Final answer:

Analyzing finishing times involves checking assumptions of normality, independence, and randomness. The confidence interval is calculated using standard methods and the hypothesis test compares the mean difference against zero at a 0.01 significance level.

Step-by-step explanation:

In regards to the comparison of finishing times between men's marathon runners on foot and women's wheelchair marathon winners, several steps are involved in the analysis.

a) Appropriate Assumptions and Conditions

  • Independence: We assume that the finishing times are independent of each other year-to-year.
  • Normality: With a sample size of 23, the Central Limit Theorem suggests the distribution of sample means should be approximately normal.
  • Randomness: We assume that the sample is representative of the population and that each yearly race operates under similar but not identical conditions.

b) 99% Confidence Interval

To construct a confidence interval for the mean difference, we would use the following formula: mean ± (z* × SD/\(√N\)). For a 99% confidence interval, our z* would correspond to the z-value that captures 99% of the middle area under the standard normal curve. We would then plug in the given Mean (1.94) and SD (35.512) along with our sample size (23).

c) Hypothesis Test at \(\alpha\) = 0.01

A hypothesis test at the significance level of 0.01 would involve setting up a null hypothesis that there is no mean difference in finishing times (\(\mu = 0\)) against an alternative hypothesis that there is a difference (\(\mu \\eq 0\)). The test statistic would be calculated and compared against the critical value for a two-tailed test at 0.01. If the test statistic exceeds the critical value, we reject the null hypothesis, suggesting a significant difference in mean finishing times.

User Kalyani Chaudhari
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8.5k points