Final answer:
The authoritarian parenting style tends to result in lower academic achievement among children. Therefore, the correct option is 1) authoritarian
Step-by-step explanation:
The parenting style that tends to result in lower academic achievement most often is the authoritarian style. In this style, parents place high value on conformity and obedience, are strict and tightly monitor their children, and express little warmth. This style can create anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy kids.
However, it is important to note that authoritarian parenting can be beneficial in certain ethnic groups. For example, first-generation Chinese American children raised by authoritarian parents did just as well in school as their peers raised by authoritative parents.