Final answer:
In Kipling's poem, 'exile' refers to the act of sending people from their home country to 'civilize' and govern colonies.
Step-by-step explanation:
The phrase 'Go send your sons to exile' in Rudyard Kipling's poem 'The White Man's Burden' refers to option 1) sending people away from their home country.
Kipling uses the term 'exile' to describe the sense of sacrifice and duty expected from those in the industrialized countries to leave their familiar surroundings and go to the colonies in order to 'civilize' the local populations. This involves bringing what they considered the benefits of Western culture, such as Christianity, monogamous marriage, and Western fashions.