Final answer:
To test if the average age of first-year medical school students is more than 27 years, the null hypothesis would be μ ≤ 27 and the alternative hypothesis would be μ > 27. A p-value lower than the significance level would lead to rejecting the null hypothesis, suggesting the average age is indeed more than 27.
Step-by-step explanation:
When stating the null and alternative hypotheses to test whether the average age of first-year medical school students is more than 27 years, we use the following notation:
- H0 (null hypothesis): μ ≤ 27 (The average age is 27 years or less.)
- Ha (alternative hypothesis): μ > 27 (The average age is more than 27 years.)
If the p-value retrieved from the statistical test is much lower than the chosen significance level (in this case, 0.01 for a 1% significance level), we would reject the null hypothesis. This would suggest there is evidence to support the claim that the average age of first-year medical school students is indeed more than 27 years. If however, the p-value is larger than the significance level, we would fail to reject the null hypothesis, indicating insufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.