Final answer:
According to routine activity theory, online fraud has been caused by a lack of security measures, increased use of technology, and lack of awareness. All the given options are correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to routine activity theory, several factors have given rise to online fraud, including lack of security measures, increased use of technology, and lack of awareness. Firstly, lack of security measures on websites and online platforms makes it easier for hackers and scammers to carry out their fraudulent activities.
Weak passwords, inadequate encryption, and vulnerabilities in software systems contribute to this lack of security. Secondly, the increased use of technology has provided more opportunities for online fraud. The growing number of people using the internet and conducting transactions online has created a larger pool of potential victims.
Lastly, lack of awareness about online security and common fraud tactics makes individuals more susceptible to falling for scams. Many people are unaware of the risks associated with sharing personal information online or are easily tricked by phishing emails and fake websites.