Final answer:
To find the network address, perform a bitwise AND operation between the IP address and subnet mask. The first host is obtained by adding 1 to the network address. The last host is found by subtracting 2 from the subnet's broadcast address.
Step-by-step explanation:
To find the network address of a subnet given the IP address and subnet mask, you need to perform a bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask. This will give you the network address.
For example, if the IP address is 192.168.0.12 and the subnet mask is 255.255.255.0, you would perform the following calculation: 192.168.0.12 AND 255.255.255.0 = 192.168.0.0. So, the network address of this subnet would be 192.168.0.0.
To find the IPv4 address of the first host on this subnet, you can simply add 1 to the network address. In this case, the first host would be 192.168.0.1.
To find the IPv4 address of the last host on this subnet, you need to subtract 2 from the subnet's broadcast address. The broadcast address can be calculated by performing a bitwise logical OR operation between the network address and the bitwise negation of the subnet mask. In this case, the broadcast address would be 192.168.0.255, so the last host would be 192.168.0.254.
The IPv4 broadcast address on this subnet is simply the highest possible address on the subnet. In this case, it would be 192.168.0.255.