Final answer:
Liam's test is an aptitude test which measures potential skills in scientific knowledge, physical fitness, and language abilities, all crucial for aspiring astronauts. It also aligns with the broader knowledge required in space exploration, such as SETI programs.
Therefore, option 1) is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Liam is interested in becoming an astronaut and is inquiring about a test that measures various abilities essential for astronauts. The type of test described is known as an aptitude test. Aptitude tests are designed to assess an individual's innate potential to succeed in a certain field or occupation. Specifically, they measure the capacity to learn or acquire skills, such as scientific knowledge, physical fitness, and language proficiency. These are key attributes for astronauts who must have an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering; an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data; and an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs within various constraints.
Beyond personal competencies, astronauts must also be aware of human endeavors in space, such as the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). This includes understanding the unlikelihood of spaceships from extraterrestrial civilizations visiting Earth, being familiar with human efforts to communicate with other civilizations via spacecraft messages, and knowing about the various SETI programs undertaken by scientists.