Final answer:
The term used to describe an organization or device that includes input, process, and output is 'system'. It's applicable in many fields, including technology, where a computer system operates at multiple levels from physical hardware to user interface.
Step-by-step explanation:
To describe any organization or device that includes the input, processing, and output phases, we generally use the term system. This is not limited to technology; it can also relate to biological systems, social systems, ecological systems, and so on. However, in the context of technology, when we talk about a system that requires an input, processes that input, and then produces an output, we might be referring to a computer system at a basic level. A computer system at the physical level involves electronic changes. At the design level, it runs a program created by programmers. On the commonsense level, it's the user interface such as word processing or solving equations that we interact with.
Comparatively, an algorithm is a step-by-step problem-solving formula, similar to a recipe, that can be followed to achieve a desired outcome consistently. Algorithms are an essential part of computer science and can be found in various everyday technologies such as search engines and social media feeds.
A program is a set of instructions written by programmers that a computer follows to perform a specific task. Logic, on the other hand, can refer to the systematic principles that guide the processes of inference and the structure of propositions.