Final answer:
True. Caste systems are closed stratification systems where social standing is determined by birth and offer little to no opportunities for upward mobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
True. Caste systems are closed stratification systems where social standing is determined by birth and offers little to no opportunities for upward mobility. In these systems, people are assigned occupations and married within their own caste, regardless of their talents or potential. This results in consistent downward mobility for most members of lower castes.